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The present study is to establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determining contents of seven compositions in Alismatis Rhizoma, alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, alisol B 23-acetate and 11-deoxy-alisol B. Six relative correction factors(RCFs) of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B and 11-deoxy-alisol B were established in the UPLC method with alisol B 23-acetate as the internal standard, which was to calculate the mass fraction of each. The mass fraction of seven effective constituents in Alismatis Rhizoma was calculated by the external standard method(ESM) at the same time. Compared with the content results determined by the ESM and QAMS, the feasibility and accuracy of QAMS method were verified. Within the linear range, the RCFs of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, 11-deoxy-alisol B were 0.946, 4.183, 0.915, 1.039, 0.923 and 1.244, respectively, with good repeatability in different experimental conditions. There was no significant difference between the QAMS method and ESM method. Then, QAMS method was applied to determination of the different degree Alismatis Rhizoma from different areas. As a result, the concentrations of 7 components have differences in different areas, but no significant differences in different grades. The QAMS method is feasible and accurate for the determination of the seven chemical compositions, and which can be used for quality control of Alismatis Rhizoma.
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Alismatales , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Phytochemicals , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the correlation of tyrosine phosphatase-1/2 (SHP-1,SHP-2) with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) in maternal fetal interface.Methods: The expression of SHP-1,SHP-2 and IDO were detected by Western blot method and the relationship of the proteins was analysed,in human chorionic villi and decidua tissues of 30 cases of artificial abortion patients.Results:The expression of SHP-1,SHP-2 were positively correlated withthe expression of IDO in human chorionic villi and de-cidua;the expression of SHP-1,SHP-2 and IDO in decidual tissues were higher than those in the villi.Conclusion: Normal physiological state of pregnancy,SHP-1 and SHP-2 may be involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by positive regulation of IDO expression at maternal fetal interface.
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Objective: To investigate the value of early postoperative monitoring of serum albumin in the prediction of surgical site infection (SSI) in colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 169 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery between December 2012 and January 2016 were collected for this study. Patients was divided into SSI group and no SSI group according to whether SSI occurred after surgery. We continuously collected venous blood three days after surgery. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein level, Procalcitonin and White blood-cell were performed to evaluate the relationship between albumin changes and postoperative SSI. Results: There were 40 cases (23. 7％) of SSI, and the average time for clinical diagnosis of SSI was 3. 2 days after surgery. ALB decreased, and PCT, CRP, and WBC levels increased in the SSI group on the second postoperative day. The decrease in albumin concentration (A ALB2) was significantly higher on the second postoperative day than in the SSI group (P ＜ 0. 001). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that △ ALB2 had significant value in predicting the occurrence of SSI (area under the curve = 0. 864, sensitivity 97. 5％, specificity 70. 5％), and the optimal cutoff was 15. 5％. Multiple regression analysis showed that A ALB2 ＞15. 5％ was an independent predictor of SSI (OR=2. 10, 95％CI=1. 52-2. 90, P ＜ 0. 001). Conclusions: The dynamic change of serum albumin is valuable to predict the occurrence of SSI after colorectal cancer surgery.
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Meta-analysis used for genetic association studies became popular among researchers,with the amount of published papers increased rapidly.In this paper,we will focus on the introduction on the selection of genetic models.Traditionally,methods used for Meta-analysis on genetic association studies was to calculate the statistics based on available genetic models which not only increasing the probability of false-positives but also making the interpretation of results more difficult.Hence,a critical step in the Meta-analysis of genetic association studies was to choose the appropriate inheritance model.The aim of this paper was to introduce the theory of Bayesian analysis regarding the genetic model-free approach,in performing the Meta-analysis for studies related to genetic associations.
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Meta-analysis used for genetic association studies became popular among researchers,with the amount of published papers increased rapidly.In this paper,we will focus on the introduction on the selection of genetic models.Traditionally,methods used for Meta-analysis on genetic association studies was to calculate the statistics based on available genetic models which not only increasing the probability of false-positives but also making the interpretation of results more difficult.Hence,a critical step in the Meta-analysis of genetic association studies was to choose the appropriate inheritance model.The aim of this paper was to introduce the theory of Bayesian analysis regarding the genetic model-free approach,in performing the Meta-analysis for studies related to genetic associations.
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Objective To assess the prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted to obtain the related literature indexed by CNKI,Wangfang and PubMed databases from January 2005 to February 2015.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and assessed the methodological quality.Meta-analysis was performed by the R software.Results Thirty seven studies involving 32 110 YMSM were included.75.5％ (95％ CI:68.8％-81.2％) YMSM sought sexual partners through Internet and 65.5％ (95％CI:60.0％-70.6％) had more than 2 sexual partners.In the last 6 months,89.1％ (95％ CI:84.2％-92.6％) YMSM had anal intercourse and 42.0％ (95％ CI:37.4％-46.6％) used condom consistently;11.4％ (95％CI:8.4％-15.4％) had vaginal intercourse and 36.9％ (95％CI:32.4％-41.6％) used condom consistently.The pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 5.0％ (95％CI:3.9％-6.5％),sub-group analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV infection in the eastern,central and western China were 4.2％ (95％CI:2.6％-6.6％),1.9％ (95％C1:0.8％-4.6％),6.3％ (95％ CI:4.7％-8.5％),respectively,and there were significant differences among different areas.Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS-related risk sexual behaviors and incidence of HIV infection in YMSM were high in China,it is necessary to conduct AIDS intervention in this population.
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Objective To assess the prevalence of AIDS-related sexual behaviors and HIV infection status in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted to obtain the related literature indexed by CNKI,Wangfang and PubMed databases from January 2005 to February 2015.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and assessed the methodological quality.Meta-analysis was performed by the R software.Results Thirty seven studies involving 32 110 YMSM were included.75.5％ (95％ CI:68.8％-81.2％) YMSM sought sexual partners through Internet and 65.5％ (95％CI:60.0％-70.6％) had more than 2 sexual partners.In the last 6 months,89.1％ (95％ CI:84.2％-92.6％) YMSM had anal intercourse and 42.0％ (95％ CI:37.4％-46.6％) used condom consistently;11.4％ (95％CI:8.4％-15.4％) had vaginal intercourse and 36.9％ (95％CI:32.4％-41.6％) used condom consistently.The pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 5.0％ (95％CI:3.9％-6.5％),sub-group analysis showed that the prevalence of HIV infection in the eastern,central and western China were 4.2％ (95％CI:2.6％-6.6％),1.9％ (95％C1:0.8％-4.6％),6.3％ (95％ CI:4.7％-8.5％),respectively,and there were significant differences among different areas.Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS-related risk sexual behaviors and incidence of HIV infection in YMSM were high in China,it is necessary to conduct AIDS intervention in this population.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the application value of contrast vision in identifying the malingering decreased vision in the practice of clinical forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Thirty-one young and middle aged volunteers were selected and divided randomly into group 1 (16 persons with 32 eyes) and group 2 (15 persons with 30 eyes). The optotype contrast was 100%, 25%, 10% and 5%, respectively. The contrast vision of group 1 was tested. The contrast vision of group 2 was tested as follows: (1) the volunteers cooperated without inspector's interference; (2) the volunteers cooperated under inspector's interference; (3) the volunteers disguised decreased vision without inspector's interference; (4) the volunteers disguised decreased vision under inspector's interference. The data was then analyzed by statistics.@*RESULTS@#There was a close correlation between contrast vision and contrast. As the contrast decreased, the vision acuity also decreased. The contrast vision curve of former two methods showed a good reproducibility while the contrast vision curve of latter two methods had a bad reproducibility.@*CONCLUSION@#The repetition of contrast curve with or without inspector's interference can be used to discriminate malingering vision. The acquired contrast curves can be provided to the court as direct evidence and can help enhance the verification conclusion.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Malingering/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Vision Tests/statistics & numerical data , Vision, Binocular , Vision, Low/psychology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether Notch signaling is activated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and to determine whether manipulation of the Notch signaling pathway can effect the activation of HSCs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Notch signaling components in unactivated or TGF-b1-activated HSC-T6 cells was detected by Taqman Probe-based gene expression analysis. Differential expression of Notch3 and Jagged1 was detected by immunofluorescence analysis. Notch3-mediated expression of the myofibroblastic markers, a-SMA and collagen I, was detected in HSC-T6 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-N3ICD or Notch3 siRNA by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Notch signaling components were expressed in both unactivated and activated HSC-T6 cells, but the TGF-b1-treated cells showed significantly higher expression levels of Jagged1 (3.9-fold, F = 2543.482), Notch3 (4.2-fold, F = 287.982), and HES1 (3.2-fold, F = 1719.851). Transfection-mediated over-expression of Notch3 led to significantly increased expression of a-SMA (6.8-fold, t = 13.157) and collagen I (5.5-fold, t = 9.810) (both P less than 0.01). Transient knock-down of Notch3 expression by siRNA decreased expression of the myofibroblastic markers (a-SMA by approximately 90%, t = 19.863 and collagen I by 84%, t = 10.376; both, P less than 0.01). Moreover, knock-down of Notch3 antagonized the TGF-b1-induced expression of a-SMA and collagen I.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Notch signaling may participate in liver fibrogenesis by regulating HSC activation. Selective interruption of Notch3 may represent a new anti-fibrotic strategy to treat liver fibrosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcium-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Cell Line , Hepatic Stellate Cells , Metabolism , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Jagged-1 Protein , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , RNA, Small Interfering , Receptor, Notch3 , Receptors, Notch , Genetics , Metabolism , Serrate-Jagged Proteins , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a mouse model for human chronic HBV infection, and to investigate the role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in antiviral immunity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A mouse model was established by hydrodynamic injection of the plasmid pAAV/HBV1.2-GFP into the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice, HBV markers were assayed at different time points after injection. After intraperitoneal injection of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, the serum ALT, and HBV DNA in the serum, liver and kidney were assayed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The chronic HBV infection mouse model were established successfully, serum HBsAg and high load of HBV DNA were detectable 90 days after plasmid injection. After blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, the serum ALT level of mice were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the HBV DNA load in serum (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.05) and kidney (P < 0.05) were decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway can enhance antiviral response in mice with chronic HBV infection.</p>
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Animals , Male , Mice , Antigens, Surface , Metabolism , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Metabolism , B7-1 Antigen , Metabolism , B7-H1 Antigen , DNA, Viral , Disease Models, Animal , Hepatitis B virus , Metabolism , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Virology , Membrane Glycoproteins , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Peptides , Metabolism , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is well known that conventional splenectomy, which requires careful handling and ligation of tissue of the splenic hilum, can easily cause complications such as splenic fever and pancreatic fistula. Here, we use the technique of dissection of the secondary branches of the splenic pedicle to handle the hilum in the portal hypertension patients who are subjected to splenectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively compared and analyzed the complications, postoperative hospital stay, operative time, and occurrence of hemorrhage in 121 patients with portal hypertension undergoing splenectomy and devascularization of the gastric cardia from January 1999 to December 2007. The selected cases consisted of 51 patients undergoing conventional splenectomy and 70 patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between size of the spleen and occurrence of complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of pancreatic fistula and splenic fever (0/70 and 9/70) was lower in patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle as compared with that of the conventional group (5/51 and 18/51 respectively). In addition, there was no significant difference in operative time and volume of blood loss between two groups. The spleen thickness of those patients who had pancreatic fistula and splenic fever was significantly greater than those without complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results indicate that dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle in portal hypertension patients undergoing splenectomy can decrease the incidence of splenic fever and pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay, especially in the patients with a large spleen. So dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle is a valuable technique for splenectomy.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hypertension, Portal , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Spleen , General Surgery , Splenectomy , Methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate whether functional Wnt-?-catenin signaling is present in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC),and the effect of blocking this signaling on activation of HSC. Methods?-catenin expression in HSC was examined by immunocytochemistry.Wnt signalings in HSC-T6 were assessed using a T cell factor (TCF)-dependent luciferase reporter gene (pTOP- FLASH) assay.Wnt signalings in HSC-T6 were blocked by transfecting with a dominant negative TCF (dnTCF) expression plasmid,then the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) and collagen typeⅠwere examined by Western blot.Results?-catenin staining was positive in the nuclei of HSC-T6.Luciferase activity in the cells transfected with pTOPFLASH was significantly higher than that in the cells transfected with pFOPFLASH (P
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BACKGROUND: Cytokine is a poly-functional and effective regulator factor to regulate growth of multiple cells. Researches suggest that, as an inflammatory medium, cytokines play a key role in inflammatory reaction of eye; however, there are rare studies on dynamic changes after traumatic cataract.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among inflammatory reaction and dynamic changes of interleukin 1 (IL-1),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in aqueous humor of rabbits after extracapsular cataract extraction.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Shenzhen Municipal Ophthalmology Hospital, Shenzhen Municipal Ophthalmology Center Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in Institute of Shenzhen Municipal Ophthalmology Center Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University from March 2004 to March 2006. Fifteen healthy adult New Zealand rabbits of 30 eyes,general grade, weighting 2.5-3.0 kg, of either gender, were provided by Animal Center of the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University [certification: SYXK (yue) 2005-006]. Eyes of rabbits were normal before experiment. All rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, traumatic control group and operative group with 5 in each group and in total of 10 eyes in each group. IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α kits were provided by Shenzhen Yawei Biotechnology Company Limited.METHODS: Rabbits in traumatic control group and operative group were totally anesthetized with intravenous injection of 10% 1 mi/kg urethan, and then, 5# needle was punctured from corneal limbus to anterior chamber to scarify anterior membrane of lens about 5 mm to establish animal models of traumatic cataract of oculus uterque. Rabbits in normal control group were fed normally. After successful modeling, common antibiotic eyedrops was used to clean conjunctival sac of rabbits in traumatic control group and operative group 3 times a day. On the 3rd day of successful modeling, rabbits in operative group were totally anesthetized with intravenous injection of 10% 1 mL/kg urethan, and then, they undertook extracapsular cataract extraction of oculus uterque: horizontally intercepting bladder or waterly separating with breakage of anterior bladder membrane, expulsing nucleus of lens, washing lens cortex and suturing incisions. On the operative day and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after operation, inflammatory reaction of anterior chamber in traumatic control group and operative group was measured and 0.2 mL aqueous humor was extracted from rabbits in three groups to count and classify cells; meanwhile, expressed level and dynamic changes of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in cytokines of aqueous humor were measured with double-antibodies ELASA technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total numbors of leucocytes and contents of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in aqueous humor of rabbits in three groups after operation.RESULTS: ① On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after operation, numbers of leucocytes were (2.4±0.7)×106/L, (2,2±0.5)×106/L, (2.8±0.8)×106/L and (2.0±0.5)×106/L in aqueous humor; (19.7±7.3)×106/L, (28.1±9.6)×106/L, (14.2±5.6)×106/L and(8.4±3.8)×106/L in traumatic control group; (65.3±14.5)×106/L, (79.8±12.7)×106/L, (21.7±8.2)×106/L and (12.4±4.1)×106/L in operative group. In addition, numbers of leucocytes were more in traumatic control group and operative group than those in normal control group (F =22.5, 27.9, 11.6, 8.4;P＜0.05). ② Within 1-14 days after operation, contents of IL-1, IL-6and TNF-α in aqueous humo were higher in traumatic control group and operative group than those in normal control group (P＜0.05), and there was a significant difference between traumatic control group and operative group (P＜0.05);however, there was no significant difference among three groups on the operative day (P＞0.05). ③ Contents of cytokines reached peak on the 7th day after operation, decreased gradually, and reached the lowest value on the 14th day.Contents in traumatic control group and operative group were higher than those in normal control group (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The intraocular inflammation after lens extraction is closely related to the dynamic changes of IL-1, IL-6and TNF-α levels in aqueous humor. Cytokine may be one of crucially inflammatory agents in the eyes after traumatic cataract.
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0.05).The duration of pupil contraction in experimental group(54.78?4.52 hours)was longer than that in control group(21.33?2.28 hours)(P